38.5.4 Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (Infinitive phrases)

Lý thuyết73 bài tập

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clause) có thể được rút gọn bằng cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive hoặc for + object + to-infinitive). To-infinitive có thể được dùng:

  • Sau các từ first, second, third, last, next, only và dạng so sánh nhất (superlatives).

Ex:

  • Yuri Gagarin was the first man that went into space. → Yuri Gagarin was the first man to go into space. (Yuri Gagarin là người đầu tiên bay vào vũ trụ.)
  • Was she the only person that visited you? → Was she the only person to visit you? (Cô ấy là người duy nhất đến thăm anh hả?)
  • He became the youngest player who represented his country. → He became the youngest player to represent his country. (Anh ấy trở thành cầu thủ nhỏ tuổi nhất đại diện cho đất nước mình.)
  • Khi muốn diễn đạt mục đích (purpose) hoặc sự cho phép (permission).

Ex:

  • The children need a big yard which they can play in. → The children need a big yard to play in. (Bọn trẻ cần một cái sân rộng để chơi đùa.)
  • Here is a form that you must fill in. → Here is a form for you to fill in. (Đây là mẫu đơn để anh điền vào.)
  • I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in. → I wish we had a garden for him to play in. (Tôi không thích nó chơi đùa ngoài đường; ước gì chúng tôi có một khu vườn để nó chơi đùa.)

Cấu trúc rút gọn cũng có thể được dùng với hai tính từ available và possible.
Ex:

  • Please send me all the tickets available. [= ...tickets that are available] (Vui lòng gửi cho tôi tất cả các vé có sẵn.)
  • Tuesday's the only date possible. (Thứ Ba là ngày duy nhất có thể.)

Bài tập

Đã làm 0/73 câu

Bài Tập 166

1

The man _________ paid for the meal was a friend of Tom's.

2

The meeting _________ we had to attend went on for three hours.

3

My office, _________ is on the second floor of the building, is very small.

4

Jane works for a company _________ makes shoes.

5

The woman _________ I was sitting next to talked all the time.

6

This school is only for children _________ first language is not English.

7

Laura had a wooden box, _________ she kept her photos in.

8

I don't know the name of the woman to _________ I spoke on the phone.

9

Towns _________ attract tourists are usually crowded in the summer.

10

Somewhere I've got a photo of the mountain _________ we climbed.

11

The sun, _________ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.

12

I thought I recognized the assistant _________ served us.

13

Which is the European country _________ economy is growing the fastest?

14

John, _________ speaks French and Italian, works as a tour guide.

15

The detective lost sight of the man _________ he was following.

16

She told me her address, _________ I wrote down on a piece of paper.

17

Sarah, ____ you met yesterday, works in advertising.

18

I'm afraid the numbers ________ I chose didn't win the prize.

19

Electronics is a subject about __________ I know very little.

20

Mark, __________ car had broken down, was in a very bad mood.

Bài Tập 168

21

The students, who attend class five hours per day, have become quite proficient in their new language.

22

The students who attend class five hours per day have become quite proficient in their new language.

23

The orchestra conductor signaled the violinists, who were to begin playing.

24

The orchestra conductor signaled the violinists who were to begin playing.

25

I put the vase on the top of the TV set, which is in the living room.

26

I put the vase on the top of the TV set which is in the living room.

27

Trees which lose their leaves in winter are called deciduous trees.

28

Pine trees, which are evergreen, grow well in a cold climate.

29

The teacher thanked the students, who had given her some flowers.

30

The teacher thanked the students who had given her some flowers.

31

Roberto reached down and picked up the grammar book, which was lying upside down on the floor.

32

Roberto reached down and picked up the grammar book which was lying upside down on the floor.

Bài Tập 169

33

I can't remember the name of the garage ____________________________________.

34

July is the month ______________________________________________________.

35

I'll never forget the day _________________________________________________.

36

The restaurant ________________________________________ is Martin's.

37

Unfortunately I wasn't at home the evening ________________________________.

38

The old man wants to go back to the village _________________________________.

39

The cemetery is a place ________________________________________________.

40

1960 is the year _______________________________________________________.

41

Hawaii, ______________________________________, is a famous vacation spot.

42

Is there a shop __________________________________________ near here?

Bài Tập 171

43

The town of Keswick, _________ lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place for a holiday, and the Derwent Hotel, (2)_________ overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay.

44

The town of Keswick, (1)_________ lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place for a holiday, and the Derwent Hotel, _________ overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay.

45

Robin and Wendy Jackson, _________ bought this small hotel three years ago, have already won an excellent reputation.

46

Robin, _________ cooking is one of the reasons (5)_________ the Derwent is so popular, was once Young Chef of the Year.

47

Robin, (4)_________ cooking is one of the reasons _________ the Derwent is so popular, was once Young Chef of the Year.

48

The comfort of the guest, _________ the owners treat almost as members of the family, always comes first.

49

Peter Ustinov, _________ once stayed at the hotel, described it as ‘marvellous’.

50

And the Lake District, ___________ has so much wonderful scenery and (9)___________ the poet Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you.

51

And the Lake District, (8)___________ has so much wonderful scenery and ___________ the poet Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you.

Bài Tập 176

52

Oliva's daughter swam a length of the pool. No other girl as young as her did that. Oliva's daughter was ____________________________________________________________________

53

The secretaries got a pay rise. No one else did. The secretaries were ____________________________________________________________________

54

The pilot left the aircraft. Everyone else had left before him. The pilot was ____________________________________________________________________

55

Mrs. Harper became Managing Director. No other woman had done that before. Mrs. Harper was ____________________________________________________________________

56

Daniel applied for the job. No other candidate as suitable as him applied. Daniel was ____________________________________________________________________

57

Janet solved the puzzle. She did it before everyone else. Janet was ____________________________________________________________________

58

Mark wrote a letter of thanks. No one else did. Mark was ____________________________________________________________________

Bài Tập 177

59

An obstacle is something _______________ your way.

60

I was woken up by a bell _______________ .

61

Baseball is a game _______________ mainly in the USA.

62

Here is an application form for you _______________ in.

63

Somebody _______________ Jack phoned while you were out.

64

Ian has got a brother _______________ in a bank in London and a sister _______________ economics at the university in Manchester.

65

There was a tree _______________ down in the storm last night.

66

The captain was the last _______________ the sinking ship.

67

Life must be very unpleasant for people _______________ near busy airport.

68

When I entered the waiting room, it was empty except for a young man _______________ by the window _______________ a magazine.

69

The photographs _______________ in the newspaper were extraordinary.

70

The air-hostess was the only person _______________ the plane crash.

71

Two out of three people _______________ by lightning survive.

72

We have an apartment _______________ the park.

73

A few days after the interview, I received a letter _______________ me a job.