IV. Hệ từ (Copular/ linking verbs)

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Hệ từ là một loại động từ đặc biệt được dùng để kết nối chủ ngữ (subject) của câu với bổ ngữ của nó (subject complement). Các hệ từ thông dụng: be, seem, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get.
Ex: My father is a doctor. (Cha tôi là bác sĩ.)
São Paulo has become the largest city in South America.
(São Paulo đã trở thành thành phố lớn nhất Nam Mỹ.)
It's getting dark. (Trời đang tối dần.)
– Bổ ngữ theo sau hệ từ có thể là một danh từ hoặc một tính từ.
Ex: Your argument sounds right. (Lập luận của anh nghe có lý.)
She has turned dressmaker. (Cô ấy đã trở thành thợ may.)
He looks intelligent. (Anh ấy có vẻ thông minh.)
– Một số hệ từ được dùng để nói về sự thay đổi (hoặc không thay đổi): become, get, grow, go, turn, stay, remain, keep.
Ex: It's becoming/ getting/ growing colder. (Trời đang trở lạnh.)
How does she stay so young?
(Làm thế nào mà cô ấy cứ trẻ mãi thế nhỉ?)
The leaves are turning brown. (Lá đang dần ngả sang nâu.)

Lưu ý

Một số hệ từ cũng có thể được dùng như động từ thường (ordinary verb), nhưng có nghĩa khác với động từ đặc biệt: look, taste, feel, appear. Khi các động từ này được dùng như động từ thường thì chúng thường được dùng với trạng từ (không dùng với tính từ).
Ex: You look very unhappy. What's the matter? [look là hệ từ]
(Trông bạn có vẻ không vui. Có chuyện gì vậy?)
The boss looked at me angrily. [look là động từ thường]
(Sếp nhìn tôi một cách giận dữ.)
[NOT The boss looked at me angry]

Bài tập

Đã làm 0/72 câu

EXERCISES

1

She was crying all day long.

2

We showed her the photo album.

3

She gave the book to the teacher.

4

He slept for seven hours.

5

We lived in Mexico for two years.

6

The people painted their house blue.

7

They laughed at the joke.

8

Kathy lies in the hammock on summer afternoons.

9

Geoffrey bought the boat yesterday.

10

She waited for the bus.

11

The child has fallen asleep.

12

She called me a liar.

13

The old man went mad.

14

The donkey kept braying.

15

The tea is hot.

16

You ________ lock the door when you go out. There have been a lot of break-ins recently.

17

Jack left before the end of the meeting. He ________ go home early.

18

I’ve already finished all my work, so I ________ study tonight.

19

Students ________ wear uniform when they go to school.

20

You really ________ hurry up, Vicky. We don’t want to be late.

21

I don’t want anyone to know. You ________ tell anyone.

22

When you come to London again, you ________ come and see us.

23

A person ________ become rich and famous in order to live a successful life.

24

Julia wears glasses. She ________ wear glasses since she was very young.

25

I ________ work late tomorrow. We are very busy at the office.

26

Johnny! You ________ play with sharp knives.

27

Caroline may ________ go away next week.

28

You really ________ work harder if you want to pass the examination.

29

I ______________ go to the doctor. I'm feeling much better.

30

We couldn't repair the car ourselves. We ______________ take it to a garage.

31

You really ______________ make less noise. I'm trying to concentrate.

32

Don't make so much noise. We ______________ wake the baby.

33

The food was free, so we ______________ pay.

34

I think you ______________ pay to park here. I'll just go and read that notice.

35

Daniel ______________ go to the bank. He hasn't any money.

36

You ______________ wash those glasses. They're clean.

37

You ______________ wear your best clothes. You'll get them dirty.

38

I ______________ put the heating on. I feel really cold.

39

Laura : You ______________ take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.

40

Laura : Don't lose it then. You ______________ leave it on the bus.

41

Vicky : Come on. We ______________ hurry.

42

Vicky : We ______________ be late.

43

Rachel : It's only ten past. We ______________ hurry. There's lots of time.

44

Susan : Well, it ______________ be big - that's not important.

45

Susan : But it ______________ have a nice garden - that's essential.

46

Guide : Oh, you ______________ go off on your own. It isn't safe.

47

Guide : We ______________ keep together in a group.

48

Melanie : No, you ______________ put them in there. It might damage them.

49

Melanie : In fact, we ______________ wash them at all. We didn't use them.

50

Secretary: I ______________ forget to type this letter.

51

Mark : Yes, it ______________ do in the post today because it's quite urgent.

52

Mark : But the report isn't so important. You ______________ type the report today.

53

Mom : Well, it's a valuable book. You ______________ look after it carefully

54

Mom : and you ______________ lose it.

55

Anne : I think I ______________ go shopping. We've run out of food.

56

Susan : We have enough food for dinner, so I ______________ go shopping today.

57

George has travelled a lot. He _______ speak four languages.

58

I used to _______ to stand on my head but I can’t do it now.

59

I’m afraid I _______ come to the party tonight.

60

The computer went wrong, but luckily Emma _______ put it right again.

61

Ask Catherine about your problem. She might _______ help you.

62

I learned to read music as a child. I _______ read it when I was five.

63

Suddenly all the lights went out. We _______ see a thing.

64

The drivers _______ stop before they crashed into each other.

65

I’m sorry I haven’t _______ come and see you before.

66

I’m OK, thanks. I _______ walk around now.

67

The doctor says I _______ go back to work soon.

68

People heard warning about the flood, and they _______ move out in time.

69

There was a big party last night. You _______ hear the music half a mile away.

70

Let’s have lunch together. We _______ go to that new restaurant.

71

The train was full. I _______ find a seat anywhere.

72

She spoke in a very low voice, but I _______ understand what she said.